Kantian Ethics is a deontological theory
which assumes the view that right actions do not depend in the least on
consequences, but on the maximization of utility, the production of happiness,
or desires and needs of human beings. Otherwise
stated, one should, “Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same
time will that it should become a universal law.” Here, Kant is suggesting that we are
obligated to uphold certain duties or rules that universally apply to everyone
and that we are not to brake these rules no matter what the motive. To use the common example, if your friend is
being pursued by a murderer and takes refuge in your house and the murderer
comes to your door asking if your friend is there, Kant’s theory would say that
you should not lie, because lying is wrong, even though telling the truth would
result in the death of your friend. At
this point it is very obvious how Kantian ethics and utilitarianism, are on
totally opposite ends of the spectrum from each other. A Utilitarian would look at this situation
and calculate which action would cause the least amount of harm for the fewest
number of people. But often when we stop
to calculate these consequences our own personal feelings get involved in our
decisions and then the situation begins to change ever so slightly. Because of this personal investment we create
within the situation, we slowly begin to create a new situation which we already
know how to solve. This is like in math
when you can’t figure out how to do a problem so you look up the answer and
then start working the problem backwards to figure it out. We do this same thing when we don’t know how
to handle a certain dilemma. I think
this is really interesting how we all do this, sometimes completely unaware
that we are even doing it. Therefore, I think
it is almost impossible for us to look at some situations from a completely
neutral standpoint. So to figure out what
we are supposed to do in such a situation, we immediately try to attach ourselves
to this situation by adding things that we think are similar to other
situations in our lives. Thus as we discuss
specific situations, and we try to assume a non-specific stand point I think
our logical reasoning, for how we think we would react at that moment is completely
irrelevant until that exact moment we are truly placed in that situation.
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